Automotive Transmission Pump: Understanding the Functioning of the Automotive Transmission

 
Automotive Transmission Pump

Smooth and efficient transmission of power from the engine to the wheels is essential for any vehicle. The transmission pump plays a vital role in handling the transmission of power automatically. Let us understand the workings of this critical component in more detail.

The Role of Automotive Transmission Pump


For smooth gear shifts between different speeds, an automatic transmission uses specialized hydraulic fluid called Automotive Transmission Pump. This fluid acts as the power-transmitting medium that operates the various internal components like gears, valves, and clutches during shifts. The transmission fluid needs to be continually circulated to lubricate and cool these components. It is here that the transmission pump comes into the picture.

Design and Operation of the Transmission Pump


The transmission pump is a small gear pump that is mounted directly onto the transmission casing. It works on the principle of positive displacement, with internal gear teeth meshing together to transfer fluid. The pump is connected via a chain or belt to the engine crankshaft, so it receives rotational power directly from the engine.


As the pump turns, it draws transmission fluid from the transmission pan through the supply line and pump inlet. The meshing gears inside pump this fluid through the various channels and ports in the transmission. This pumped fluid is then distributed to various valve bodies and piston actuators that control shifts between gears. Excess fluid is returned to the pan through the transmission cooler and outlet lines, completing the circulation cycle.

Maintaining Fluid Pressure and Flow


An important function of the transmission pump is to maintain adequate fluid pressure inside the transmission components. This pressure helps actuate clutches and bands for smooth gearshifts. The transmission control system monitors fluid pressure through sensors and adjusts shifts accordingly.


At the same time, the pump must supply consistent fluid flow to lubricate components even during high torque periods. Variable geometry pumps can adjust their internal gear dimensions to meet varying flow demands. Together, appropriate fluid pressure and flow are crucial for the transmission to switch gears seamlessly.

Common Failure Modes of Transmission Pumps

Wear and Tear


Being a continuously operating part, the transmission pump is susceptible to normal wear over long-term usage. The close-tolerance gear clearances can enlarge due to friction, allowing fluid leakage. Worn gears may also fail to accurately meter fluid flow. This usually occurs after many years or high mileage.

Lack of Maintenance


Not replacing transmission fluid as specified in the manual is a major cause of pump failure. Dirty fluid corrodes internal parts and restricts flow over time. Low fluid levels can cause the pump gears to run partially uncovered and rapidly wear out.

Manufacturing Defects


In some cases, manufacturing flaws may lead to premature damage. An incorrectly machined housing or misaligned gears can cause excessive local stresses on components. This may result in cracking or broken parts.

Overheating


Sustained high loads on the transmission while towing or climbing long grades can overheat the fluid severely. This breaks down transmission fluid lubricity and leaves deposits inside the pump. The accumulated varnish then interferes with proper pump operation.

Diagnosing and Replacing Faulty Pumps


Since the transmission pump affects overall transmission functioning so critically, any issues need prompt attention. When fluid pressure or line pressure sensors indicate abnormal values, the pump is a likely culprit. Low fluid levels or leaks around the pump area also hint at pump problems. Mechanics can inspect for damage using visual, pressure and flow test procedures. Replacing the failed part with an OEM-specification or high-quality aftermarket pump is usually necessary for a long-lasting repair.

the automatic transmission pump plays a vital hydraulic role, circulating transmission fluid continuously to enable smooth gear changes. Understanding its design and functions helps appreciate this small but important component. Following proper maintenance ensures long, trouble-free service from the transmission pump. Timely repairs prevent costly transmission rebuild work down the road.

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About Author:

Money Singh is a seasoned content writer with over four years of experience in the market research sector. Her expertise spans various industries, including food and beverages, biotechnology, chemical and materials, defense and aerospace, consumer goods, etc. (https://www.linkedin.com/in/money-singh-590844163)


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