The Rise of Cloud Native Software Development

 

Cloud Native Software

What is Cloud Native Software?

It is an application designed and built to leverage resources that are provided via cloud computing services. Rather than using on-premises servers and infrastructure, its applications are designed to take advantage of cloud computing delivery and consumption models like serverless computing, microservices, and continuous delivery.

Microservices Architecture

One of the core architectural principles of software development is adopting a microservices architecture. With microservices, large monolithic applications are broken down into independent, collaborating components or Cloud Native Software. Each microservice is small, loosely coupled, and highly cohesive. This means they can be independently developed, tested, deployed and scaled.

Microservices architectures are well-suited for cloud environments as services can be packaged and run as independent processes that communicate over well-defined APIs. This allows fine-grained scaling of services based on resource usage and Cloud Native Software. Services can also be independently upgraded and maintained without impacting the entire application.

Containerization

Containerization is another key aspect of cloud native applications. Services developed using microservices are packaged into containers using container images. Containerization allows bundling code and dependencies together in standard units that can be easily run anywhere.

Popular container platforms like Docker provide portable runtime environments that enable deploying and scaling containerized microservices across cloud and on-premises infrastructure. Containers allow for faster deployments, greater scaling flexibility, and easier migrations between environments compared to virtual machines.

Continuous Delivery and DevOps

Cloud native applications are designed for continuous delivery using modern DevOps practices. Code changes can be frequently built, tested and released through automated pipelines. New versions of services can be rolled out independently without complex coordinated deployments.

Monitoring and logging infrastructure provide visibility into the health and performance of services in production. Fault handling is designed to automatically respond to failures to maintain availability and reliability targets. Continuous delivery gets new features and fixes to end users faster while also reducing risk.

Serverless Computing

Serverless computing can be used to build event-driven, responsive cloud native apps without maintaining servers. With serverless, developers only pay for the resources used when responding to incoming events like API calls, file uploads and database changes. Platforms like AWS Lambda or Azure Functions handle provisioning and scaling servers automatically based on traffic.

This makes serverless well-suited for episodic, real-time workloads that are unpredictable in nature or scale. It reduces operational overhead while allowing developers to focus on business logic. Serverless has simplified building highly-available systems with auto-scaling and pay-per-use economics.

Distributed Systems Management

Cloud native apps are distributed by design and may span availability zones or regions. Service discovery allows references between services without hardcoded dependencies. Load balancers ensure efficient routing of traffic across instances. Centralized configuration enables flexible deployments and rollbacks using Git version control practices.

Monitoring distributed systems is vital for observability. Distributed tracing provides end-to-end visibility for troubleshooting performance bottlenecks, failures and errors across services. Log aggregation streams diagnostics to centralized monitoring for correlation and anomaly detection. Alerting notifies operators about events requiring remediation.

Standardization and Governance

While cloud native principles emphasize agility, standardization is important to ensure quality and security. Configuration as code and infrastructure as code templating helps standardize environments and deployments. Continuous Integration/Continuous Delivery pipelines are automated across teams.

Open source tools and practices like CNCF open standards improve portability between platforms. Governance provides policy, audit, lifecycle management and security best practices across teams and projects. This balance of agility and standardization enables large-scale application development.

Benefits of Adoption

Migrating or building new applications using its principles provides several strategic and operational benefits to businesses. It allows scaling elastically to handle sudden traffic spikes. High availability is built-in using principles like redundancy, self-healing and auto-scaling. Continuous delivery accelerates time to market for new features.

Development is more productive using container-based local environments that match production. Teams can independently develop, deploy and scale decentralized services. Operations complexity is reduced since infrastructure is software-defined and auto-managed. Granular metering with serverless allows optimizing costs based on actual usage patterns. Disaster recovery is more robust using geographically distributed deployments.

The techniques and tooling that compose cloud native development are enabling a new generation of digital services that are more scalable, resilient and cost-effective to build and operate in the cloud era. Companies adopting these practices gain competitive advantage through faster innovation, reduced costs and ability to respond to changing market demands more nimbly.

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